The History of Health Culture
of the south-east Banat

 


Following the establishment of “The Great Pharmacy”, that was the name of the first one, on February 27 th 1821, the second pharmacy “At the Holy Trinity's” was opened in the present-day Žarko Zrenjanin street. Its founder was Anton Schilder, and later on it was owned by Joszef Herzog. The third pharmacy “At God's eye's” was opened only in june 1878, and soon Sebastian Strach opens the fourth pharmacy “At Hungarian king St. Stephen's”, in 1885. At that time Vršac had one pharmacy each per 6.000 inhabitants, I.E. four pharmacies in total.

Besides the existing four pharmacies a new pharmacy of Mihajlo Jovanović “At the white cross's” was opened in 1920, and in 1933 the pharmacy of Đura Gerdec “Hygia”. All six pharmacies operated by the liberation of Vršac, in 1944, and some of them switched to social ownership immediately, and some after 1949. On december 5 th 1944, “Military pharmacy” was opened in Vršac, as the first socially owned pharmacy in Vojvodina, which later changes its name into “The people's pharmacy”. Beginning from 1961, all the pharmacies were merged into one institution, and in 1968 they were incorporated into the medical centre ”Anđa Ranković”.

In 1774 a hospital was opened in the churchyard of the Orthodox Church managed by local church authorities by means of citizens' contributions. Vršac salesman, Vasa Dimitrijević, left by testament buildings and 5,000 forints to the hospital, which provides for its sustenance. Later on, in 1803, the magistrate acquired land for the new Serbian hospital in Zmaj Jovina Street.

A plague epidemic forced the authorities to appoint a health care board in 1740, which also operated later on. In mid eighteen century the existence of a German municipality hospital “At sinless Maria's” was mentioned. In 1760 Klaudius Mayer Worked in Vršac as a district doctor as well as a private surgeon Kilian Wekmann. An orphanage was opened in 1766 as an inheritance of a citizen – Nikite Tolstoja 1, a building where German hospital worked later on.

Floodable terrain and swampy land were, among other things, the cause of diseases, epidemics and increased mortality rate among the population. According to the report of the surgeon Johan Latner of 1739 those years plague raged through Vršac and the vicinity. At the time of mercy's military rule in Banat in Banat a network of canals was built for draining floodable land which contributes to health situation improvement in this part of Banat.

In 1840 – 1841 the German guilds had a building constructed for the purpose of guild hospital (nowadays it is Nikite Tolstoja). By abolishing guilds in 1874 this hospital turned into craftsmen hospital, managed by the first united craftsmen co-operative. In 1849 a military hospital also worked in Vršac, the mention of which was made even later on, up to the year 1861.

Even back in 1885 the conclusion was made to build a new hospital because the existing ones were not meeting demands. The town physician also pointed that out several times. Still the construction of a new hospital was being postponed due to insufficient funds.

A building originally intended as an orphanage was constructed in “Čukur mala” in 1915. Immediately following completion, it was also used as a dispensary for patients having infectious diseases. After the First World War it housed the Russian hospital of The Red cross from Kišinjev. Since 1922 the public town hospital operates in this building up to the end of the Second World War.

Instead of numerous and split general and specialised facilities, a medical centre with outpatient – dispensary and hospital departments is formed by merging.

Besides health – care institutions, the first Vojvodina drug factory “Hemofarm” began operation in Vršac in 1960. A new factory opened in 1975, one of the most modern in the country.

Apart from human medicine, veterinary medicine was also developing already since the first half of the 19 th century.

In 1893 an association of advocates of natural treatment methods was established in Vršac, which advocated the therapy by means of sun, water and air. It initiated and opened a sanatorium “Sanitas” in 1912, and the association was active by 1944. Thereafter the building housed the town hospital, which is now within The Health Centre “Vršac ”.

 

 

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