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The
exhibition in ''The Pharmacy on the Stairs'' under the name ''The Townlife
of Vršac'', represents one of the possible aspects of looking at the
problem of creation and development of one social class, its strength,
demonstrated in the private, family interior. Through the conception
of the exhibition, where the objects of the applied art are exhibited,
the objects of applied and decorative value respectively, supplemented
with paintings of the representative artistic quality, the more precise
picture has been given about the exceptionally significant social-historical
period. In that time of the changes in the field of the scientific
inventions, industrialization of the developed part of the world, political
disturbances, development of modern phylosophy, but also the appearance
of the new styles in art, in the period of XVIII, XIX, XX centuries,
a new social force, the bearer of the new modern ideas – the town middle-class,
was born in Europe, as well as in this town.
At the beginning of the 18th century, during the period of the
creation of the adequate historical-social conditions, the more
intensive development of Vršac began. During that time interval
of the newer history of the town and its surroundings, there was
the more frequent colonization of immigrants and colonists, of
different religion and nationality. The town became the shelter
for the refugees from the regions of the Balkans, which were caught
by war, but also the immigrants of the German, Hungarian and Rumanian
origin, who came here motivated by the better living conditons,
searching for the jobs in trade, crafts, agriculture. The structure
of the population became stronger in this way.
In the atmosphere of the active and ambitious people, the conditions
were created for the maximum use of the possibilities, given
by geographical position of the town, at the border of the
two Empires, and at the very crossroads, which led from Europe
to the East.
The expansion of the economy and the accumulation of the capital
appeared, and during their impact, a new younger town middle-class
was born, as the bearer of the prosperity.
The important industrial development started with the appearance
of the industrial production (silk, beer, wine...). The products
made in Vršac won awards and medals for the quality at the fairs
throughout Europe. The need for the better traffic links appeared,
so Vršac got its railroad in 1858. Increasing the quality of
life depended on the education of the population, as well. Pupils
and students went to school to Timisoara, Budapest, Vienna, where
they got in touch with the intelectual elite of Europe. Vršac
has gradually become urbanized, ?nd in 1850 it gained its first
street lights. During XVIII and XIX centuries the magnificient
buildings were built, the institutions of social and public importance
were founded: a great number of sacral objects, The Town Hall
(1732), the first pharmacy (1784), a hospital, the Town Library
(1887), The Town Museum(1894), Kirchner's printing shop (1856)...
Comfortable houses were built for the family life, made of solid
material. In the conditions of the changed life habits, tastes,
fashion, the newly-formed town middle-class decorated the interior
with the massive, styled furniture, artistic objects, handicraft
products of foreign and home manufacture. In that way, they expressed
their prestige, power and luxury the most directly.
The exhibits from this exhibition date back from XVIII, XIX and
XX centuries. With their characteristics they present the examples
of the styles, which were the most dominant in that time: Biedermeir,
Napoleon III, historicism (pseudo-renaissance), secession. Biedermeir
reception-room fascinates with its beauty of simplicity, harmonious
line of the cosy interior, ?l?gant decorations, s?lid material.
On the other side, the suite of furniture, Napoleon III, attracts
attaction with its metal-mother-of-pearls, luxurious tarsia,
rich in details, colour, gilding... The representative examples
of the applied art (watches, vases, china-ware, glasses...),
were made in the Middle European countries, and they were used
to decorate the interior additionally. The artistic paintings
come from many different countries, mostly neighbouring, but
there are also some works of the most eminent Serbian painters.
The exhibited works were painted by ?ihalj Munkači, Jovan Popović,
Uroš Predić. Style-furniture, objects of the applied art and
paintings, with their form, details, the choice of material and
the way of manufacture, tell about the atmosphere of the time
when they were created. ?ostly imported, handmade and manufactured,
these objects came to the town, where people traded with goods
from the whole world. They are the best testimony about the changes
of the cultural climate of Europe and very frequent exchanges
of artistic styles of that time...
Reflexes of the European social-historical movements, in the
multi-cultural and multi-ethnical environment, will enable the
modern town class to lay the foundation of the modern town, thus
today Vršac, with good reason, represents the centre of the south-east
part of Banat. In accordance with this fact, the exhibition ''The
Townlife of Vršac'', in the affirmative way presents the existance
and the power of one social class. At the same time, in the educational
and popular way it presents the wealth of the Town Museum in
Vršac.
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