THE TOWNLIFE OF VRŠAC

in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century




 


The exhibition in ''The Pharmacy on the Stairs'' under the name ''The Townlife of Vršac'', represents one of the possible aspects of looking at the problem of creation and development of one social class, its strength, demonstrated in the private, family interior. Through the conception of the exhibition, where the objects of the applied art are exhibited, the objects of applied and decorative value respectively, supplemented with paintings of the representative artistic quality, the more precise picture has been given about the exceptionally significant social-historical period. In that time of the changes in the field of the scientific inventions, industrialization of the developed part of the world, political disturbances, development of modern phylosophy, but also the appearance of the new styles in art, in the period of XVIII, XIX, XX centuries, a new social force, the bearer of the new modern ideas – the town middle-class, was born in Europe, as well as in this town.

At the beginning of the 18th century, during the period of the creation of the adequate historical-social conditions, the more intensive development of Vršac began. During that time interval of the newer history of the town and its surroundings, there was the more frequent colonization of immigrants and colonists, of different religion and nationality. The town became the shelter for the refugees from the regions of the Balkans, which were caught by war, but also the immigrants of the German, Hungarian and Rumanian origin, who came here motivated by the better living conditons, searching for the jobs in trade, crafts, agriculture. The structure of the population became stronger in this way.

In the atmosphere of the active and ambitious people, the conditions were created for the maximum use of the possibilities, given by geographical position of the town, at the border of the two Empires, and at the very crossroads, which led from Europe to the East.

The expansion of the economy and the accumulation of the capital appeared, and during their impact, a new younger town middle-class was born, as the bearer of the prosperity.

The important industrial development started with the appearance of the industrial production (silk, beer, wine...). The products made in Vršac won awards and medals for the quality at the fairs throughout Europe. The need for the better traffic links appeared, so Vršac got its railroad in 1858. Increasing the quality of life depended on the education of the population, as well. Pupils and students went to school to Timisoara, Budapest, Vienna, where they got in touch with the intelectual elite of Europe. Vršac has gradually become urbanized, ?nd in 1850 it gained its first street lights. During XVIII and XIX centuries the magnificient buildings were built, the institutions of social and public importance were founded: a great number of sacral objects, The Town Hall (1732), the first pharmacy (1784), a hospital, the Town Library (1887), The Town Museum(1894), Kirchner's printing shop (1856)... Comfortable houses were built for the family life, made of solid material. In the conditions of the changed life habits, tastes, fashion, the newly-formed town middle-class decorated the interior with the massive, styled furniture, artistic objects, handicraft products of foreign and home manufacture. In that way, they expressed their prestige, power and luxury the most directly.

The exhibits from this exhibition date back from XVIII, XIX and XX centuries. With their characteristics they present the examples of the styles, which were the most dominant in that time: Biedermeir, Napoleon III, historicism (pseudo-renaissance), secession. Biedermeir reception-room fascinates with its beauty of simplicity, harmonious line of the cosy interior, ?l?gant decorations, s?lid material. On the other side, the suite of furniture, Napoleon III, attracts attaction with its metal-mother-of-pearls, luxurious tarsia, rich in details, colour, gilding... The representative examples of the applied art (watches, vases, china-ware, glasses...), were made in the Middle European countries, and they were used to decorate the interior additionally. The artistic paintings come from many different countries, mostly neighbouring, but there are also some works of the most eminent Serbian painters. The exhibited works were painted by ?ihalj Munkači, Jovan Popović, Uroš Predić. Style-furniture, objects of the applied art and paintings, with their form, details, the choice of material and the way of manufacture, tell about the atmosphere of the time when they were created. ?ostly imported, handmade and manufactured, these objects came to the town, where people traded with goods from the whole world. They are the best testimony about the changes of the cultural climate of Europe and very frequent exchanges of artistic styles of that time...

Reflexes of the European social-historical movements, in the multi-cultural and multi-ethnical environment, will enable the modern town class to lay the foundation of the modern town, thus today Vršac, with good reason, represents the centre of the south-east part of Banat. In accordance with this fact, the exhibition ''The Townlife of Vršac'', in the affirmative way presents the existance and the power of one social class. At the same time, in the educational and popular way it presents the wealth of the Town Museum in Vršac.